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Multiculturalism in the Netherlands began with a major increases in immigration during the 1950s and 1960s. As a consequence, an official national policy of multiculturalism was adopted in the early 1980s. This policy subsequently gave way to more assimilationist policies in the 1990s. Following the murders of Pim Fortuyn (in 2002) and Theo van Gogh (in 2004) the political debate on the role of multiculturalism in the Netherlands reached new heights. Lord Sacks, Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth, distinguishes between tolerance and multiculturalism, and says that the Netherlands is a tolerant, rather than multicultural, society. ==Immigration and opposition to it== After World War II there were three successive waves of major immigration into the Netherlands. The first originated in the former Dutch colonies (such as Indonesia, Surinam and the Dutch Antilles) in the 1950s and 1960s. The second wave originated in Southern Europe (Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal) and arrived during the mid-1950s, and from Turkey and Morocco during the 1960s. These waves were in the form of labour migration. The third wave consisted of refugees from former East Block countries (such as Hungary) who immigrated since the 1970s and from different countries such as Iran, Iraq, and former Yugoslavia since the mid-1980s. Multiculturalism was adopted as a policy by the Netherlands in the 1980s.〔 In 1983 a "Ethnic Minorities Policy" was adopted. The anti-immigration Centrumpartij had occasional electoral successes since 1982, but its leader Hans Janmaat was ostracized, and fined for his discriminatory statements and promotion of ethnic cleansing.〔(''Weg met de Centrumpartij'' - Epiloog )〕 The Netherlands has now attracted international attention for the extent to which it reversed its previous multiculturalist policies, and its policies on cultural assimilation have been described as the toughest in Europe.〔Economist: ''(Islam in Europe: Hostility at home )''; IHT: ''(Dutch virtue of tolerance under strain )''; IHT: ''(The Dutch redefine tolerance )''; Al-Ahram: (How Holland lost its innocence ); PBS: (A test of tolerance: Muslim immigrants in the Netherlands )''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Multiculturalism in the Netherlands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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